X-ray emission from accretion disks in active galactic nuclei     

V. F. Suleimanov  K. K. Ghosh  R. A. Austin  B. D. Ramsey 《Astronomy Letters》2002,28(11):745-754

We constructed a grid of relativistic models for standard high-relative-luminosity accretion α-disks around supermassive Kerr black holes (BHs) and computed X-ray spectra for their hot, effectively optically thin inner parts by taking into account general-relativity effects. They are known to be heated to high (～10⁶–10⁹ K) temperatures and to cool down through the Comptonization of intrinsic thermal radiation. Their spectra are power laws with an exponential cutoff at high energies; i.e., they have the same shape as those observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Fitting the observed X-ray spectra of AGNs with computed spectra allowed us to estimate the fundamental parameters of BHs (their mass and Kerr parameter) and accretion disks (luminosity and inclination to the line of sight) in 28 AGNs. We show that the Kerr parameter for BHs in AGNs is close to unity and that the disk inclination correlates with the Seyfert type of AGN, in accordance with the unification model of activity. The estimated BH masses M_x are compared with the masses M_rev determined by the reverberation mapping technique. For AGNs with luminosities close to the Eddington limit, these masses agree and the model under consideration may be valid for them. For low-relative-luminosity AGNs, the differences in masses increase with decreasing relative luminosity and their X-ray emission cannot be explained by this model.  相似文献   

嘉陵江流域水保治理前后沿程水沙变化研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

马炼  张明波  郭海晋  沈燕舟 《水文》2002,22(1):27-31

嘉陵江为长江上游重要支流,是长江三峡水库重要的洪水和泥沙来源地。20世纪50年代初至80年代末,多年平均径流量701亿m3,多年平均悬移质输沙量近1.4亿t;“长治”工程的实施,对控制流域水土流失起到了较为明显的积极作用。以流域内主要控制站大量的实测水文气象资料为依据,重点研究了全流域水保治理前后的水沙变化情况及规律。  相似文献   

Research on the security of national geospatial data clearinghouse based on ASP     

ZHANG Li GONG Jianya ZHU QingZHANG Li  Ph.D.Candidate  National Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying  Mapping  Remote Sensing  WTUSM  Luoyu Road  Wuhan  China 《地球空间信息科学学报》2000,3(3):47-51

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Study on coupling between deep and shallow structures of Xingtai area and some significant questions     

顾梦林  刘保金  赵成彬  孙振国 《地震学报(英文版)》2000,13(4):413-423

IntroductionIn order to gain a clear idea of the deep tectonic environment of Xingtai earthquake area,three wide-angle deep seismic renectionlrefraction profiles have been conducted through the are4they are Yuanshi--Ji'nan profile, Renxian--Wuqing profile and Tat' an--LongyaM inzhou profi I e.The Yuanshi--Ji'nan profile passes through the epicenter of the Ms=7.2 main shock andTat' ~ongyaO--X inzhou profi ie passes through the ep icenter of the Ms=6. 8 earthquake. Duringthe "Eighth Five-…  相似文献   

Heavy metal inflow into the floodplains at the mouth of the river Weiße Elster (Central Germany)     

Lutz Zerling  Christiane Hanisch  Frank W. Junge 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(3):234-244

From 1998 to 2002 investigations were carried out to estimate both the quantity and quality (heavy metal contents) of suspended matter loads discharged into a floodplain area measuring approx. 5 km² of the Central German river Weiße Elster, a tributary of the river Saale in the Elbe river basin. Flood sediments, suspended particulate matter, and floodplain soils were investigated especially for the main pollutants Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Supplementary gamma spectroscopy examinations were performed to help to identify the age of deposits in order to estimate sedimentation rates for last decades. The recent flood sediments are contaminated by up to 33 times the geogenic background (Cd). Up to 55% of the total annual SPM load of the river Weiße Elster is relocated into the investigated retention area in the flood‐stricken year 2002. The sedimentation rates for the last 50 years vary between 0.5 mm/a and 1 mm/a in far away and rarely flooded parts and between 1 mm/a and 2 mm/a in the frequently flooded parts of the inflow of the retention area.  相似文献   

The use of riparian vegetated filter strips to reduce river sediment loads: an overestimated control measure?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gert Verstraeten  Jean Poesen  Katleen Gillijns  Gerard Govers 《水文研究》2006,20(20):4259-4267

The spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model WATEM/SEDEM was used to simulate the impact of riparian vegetated filter strips (RVFSs) on river sediment delivery at different spatial scales. For a field plot with a straight slope, sediment reduction by the RVFSs is comparable to results obtained through experimental set‐ups elsewhere (i.e. >70%). However, at the scale of an entire catchment, sediment reduction is much less (i.e. ±20%) due to (1) overland flow convergence, which reduces the sediment trapping efficiency of an RVFS, and (2) because part of the sediment bypasses the RVFSs through ditches, sewers and road surfaces. These results suggest that, at the catchment scale, RVFSs should be accompanied with other conservation techniques that are more appropriate for reducing river sediment loads, and that also reduce on‐site soil erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南京地区表土镉汞铅含量的空间统计分析   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17  

夏学齐  陈骏  廖启林  季峻峰  田庆久  吴昀昭 《地球化学》2006,35(1):95-102

在南京城区和周围郊区近2500km2的区域内,采集了670个表层土壤样品,分析了Cd、Hg、Pb等重金属含量。在ARCGIS等地理信息系统软件的支持下,用地统计学等空间分析方法,分析了数据的概率分布特征、空间自相关特征以及变异函数特征。结果表明,研究区内表层土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb等重金属元素平均含量显著高于其全国平均水平;并且不同的元素具有不同的空间自相关特征;变异函数分析显示,Cd和Hg的分布具有明显的空间异质性,而Pb的方向性不明显。元素空间分布特征的研究对研究污染源和污染扩散具有一定指示和引导作用。  相似文献   

华南红土主元素表生地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐瑞松  徐金鸿  苗莉  朱照宇 《地球化学》2006,35(5):547-552

华南红土从其母岩到表土,普遍表现为主元素SiO2、K2O、Na2O淋失,Fe2O3、Al2O3、N、S富集。红土饱和水含量最高的是D2型红土,最低的是老红沙型红土。在岩石与上层红土风化特征中,风化强度以γ型红土最强,而灰岩型红土最弱;淋溶系数最大的是灰岩型红土,最小的为γ型红土;变异系数最大的为灰岩型红土,最小的为Q2型红土。从空间上看,红土的表生地球化学特征、红土成分的变异系数、红土的淋溶系数、红土的风化率和风化强度、红土湿度和温度等均受母岩、气候纬度效应制约。相关分析表明,华南红土中的水含量和土温与Fe2O3含量呈正相关关系。初步研究表明,华南红土的表生地球化学特征是长期和多种环境变化的真实记录。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄水分动态--兼论积雪融化和冻土变化对沙丘水分分异作用     

王雪芹  张元明  蒋进  陈均杰  宋春武 《冰川冻土》2006,28(2):262-268

2004年3月至2005年7月对古尔班通古特沙漠南部典型半固定沙垄土壤水分进行了系统监测,结合气象资料,特别是对冬季积雪和冻土资料的分析,认为该沙漠沙丘土壤水分时空变化规律在很大程度上受积雪融化和季节性冻土的影响.由于冬季稳定存在20~30 cm的积雪于春季融化,使得春季沙丘土壤含水率成为全年最高的季节,从而为早春植物的萌发生长创造了有利的条件.冬季1 m多深的冻土于早春时节由表及里开始消融,沙丘表面融化的雪水在坡面重力作用下,沿难以透水的冻土层上界自坡上向坡下发生迁移,在春夏季形成了垄间最高、坡部次之和垄顶最少的土壤水分空间格局.该研究具有生态学意义,可为古尔班通古特沙漠特殊环境条件下植被恢复与重建提供依据.  相似文献   

非饱和土壤水分运动参数的确定——以河南驻马店亚粘土为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于金霞  郭会荣  方琼 《地下水》2006,28(4):25-27

土壤水分运动参数的选取和确定是研究包气带中水分贮存和运动的基础.本文以河南驻马店亚粘土为例,进行了非饱和土壤水分运动参数的测定.通过将实测数据与经验模型拟合,将实验结果、计算结果和拟合结果进行了对比分析,发现所用的经验模型与实际数据吻合较好.研究结果表明选用的经验模型是可靠的,从而确定了土壤水分运动最优参数.  相似文献